For example, the Santos-Dumont 14-bis aeroplane of 1906 had no "tail", but a box kite-like set of control surfaces in the front, pivoting on a universal joint on the fuselage's extreme nose, making it capable of incorporating both yaw and pitch control. Many pioneers initially followed the Wrights' lead. They believed it impossible to provide both control and stability in a single design, and opted for control. The Wrights realised that a foreplane would tend to destabilise an aeroplane but expected it to be a better control surface, in addition to being visible to the pilot in flight. They were suspicious of the aft tail because Otto Lilienthal had been killed in a glider with one. Their first kite included a front surface for pitch control and they adopted this configuration for their first Flyer. The Wright Brothers began experimenting with the foreplane configuration around 1900.
The Wright Flyer of 1903 was a canard biplane Pioneer years Canard foreplanes, whether used in a canard or three-surface configuration, have important consequences for the aircraft's longitudinal equilibrium, static and dynamic stability characteristics. Rather than use the conventional tailplane configuration found on most aircraft, an aircraft designer may adopt the canard configuration to reduce the main wing loading, to better control the main wing airflow, or to increase the aircraft's maneuverability, especially at high angles of attack or during a stall. The aerodynamics of the canard configuration are complex and require careful analysis. ĭespite the use of a canard surface on the first powered aeroplane, the Wright Flyer of 1903, canard designs were not built in quantity until the appearance of the Saab Viggen jet fighter in 1967. The term "canard" arose from the appearance of the Santos-Dumont 14-bis of 1906, which was said to be reminiscent of a duck ( canard in French) with its neck stretched out in flight.
Canard wings are also extensively used in guided missiles and smart bombs. The term "canard" may be used to describe the aircraft itself, the wing configuration, or the foreplane. In aeronautics, a canard is a wing configuration in which a small forewing or foreplane is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft or a weapon. A Saab 37 Viggen, the first modern canard aircraft to go into production
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